WRITING A BIBLIOGRAPHY
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The aim of a bibliography is:

• To show where you obtained information and acknowledge your sources
• To allow your readers to find this information if they need to

• Author (surname first, followed by first name or initials)
• Title of publication (underlined, or using Italics)
• Publishing company
• Place of publication (usually a town or city)
• Year of publication

Examples: (note punctuation):

Author: Surname first, then initial or first name Title underlined or in italics Place of publication Publisher Year of publication

Dungworth, R. and Wingate, P., The Usborne Book of Famous Women, London : Usborne, 1996

ARTICLES IN BOOKS, NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES etc.

• Author's name (as above)
• Title of article (in inverted commas)

• The title of the book and publication details (as above)

• The title of newspaper, magazine or journal; date or volume number; page(s)

Davis, L., "Rights Replacing Needs" in Hauritz, M., Justice for People with Disabilities, Sydney : Federation Press, 1998

O'Malley, Chris, "Apocalypse Not", Time, 15 June, 1998, pp.14-18

Busfield, Wendy, "VCE Switch", Herald Sun, 17 June, 1998, p. 2

PAMPHLETS

For pamphlets, you should include at least:

• The name of the organisation producing the pamphlet
• Title
• Date of publication

AUDIOVISUAL SOURCES

For sources such as videos, you should provide:

• The Production Company (usually found on the label)
• Title
• Date of production. If you can't find the production date, the convention is to put 'nd' (not dated)

The Science Show, 3 AR, 02-07-88 (Entire program)

"Incidence of Employment", Four Corners, ABC 19-08-96 (Segment of program)

(Adult Literacy) Sixty Minutes, GTV 9, 10-07-88 (If no formal title is supplied, the writer may supply a title in brackets)

MATERIAL FROM THE INTERNET

The Internet is relatively new as a research source, so conventions for citing material may vary. It is suggested that you include:

• Surname and name of author (if provided)
• Title of work (if provided)
• The web site address or E-mail address
• The date on which you visited the site or collected the information (in brackets)

The author, if identified, may be found at the beginning or the end of online information

The "electronic address" of the resource should appear exactly as it does online

Examples: (Web site:) "Boots for Hiking", http://www.blundstone.com.au (collected 14/7/98)

(E-mail address): jstone@morris.edu.au (collected 19/6/97)

CD ROMS

You should include:

• Author’s name, if known
• Title of article (in quotation marks)
• Name of CD ROM, with the word CD ROM in brackets
• Name of publisher, year of publication

USING FOOTNOTES

In-text footnotes are used to:

• Indicate the source of a fact, opinion or quotation
• Provide additional or explanatory material

Footnote numbers should continue consecutively throughout the essay or piece of work.

FIRST FOOTNOTE REFERENCE for books, articles, pamphlets, audiovisual sources, Internet sources, CD ROMs:

Use the same format as for a Bibliography, but add page number or numbers (p. or pp.) after other information.

Example:

1. Schlegel, N. Research and Study Skills Guide for Senior Students, Burwood, Vic. : Beri Publishing, 1990 p. 34

After the first footnote reference it is not necessary to repeat all the information in other references to the same work.

If a footnote refers to the same work (eg. book, article, Internet site etc.) as the footnote before, use ibid. (Latin, meaning "in the same place"). If the footnote refers to a different page or volume of the same work, this information follows ibid. and a comma.

1. Schlegel, N. Research and Study Skills Guide for Senior Students. Burwood, Vic. : Beri Publishing, 1990 p. 34(first reference in footnote)
2. Ibid. (same work and page as in footnote immediately preceding)
3. Ibid., pp. 35-36 (same work as footnote immediately preceding, but different pages)
4. Op. Cit. (Latin, meaning "in the work quoted") after the author's surname may be used when referring to a work already used, but not in the immediately preceding footnote.

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